Peri-Implant Sulcular Fluid (PISF) Nitric Oxide (NO) as an Early Marker of Inflammation

Abstract

BACKGROUND. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in the regulation of peri-implant soft tissue inflammation, immunomodulation, antimicrobial defense, and anabolic and bone resorption processes. The alterations of NO play important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of the peri-implant sulcular fluid (PISF) nitric oxide (NO) as a marker of early inflammation. METHODS Overall, 20 practically healthy persons (aged from 18 to 65 years) with a dental implant placed in the chewing group of teeth, good oral cavity hygiene (Board index <20%), and the need for rehabilitation were included in the study. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in PISF was measured before and 1, 2, and 3 months after implantation and compared with similar values of GSF of healthy teeth. RESULTS The Herniarin-treated mice showed approximately the same results as irradiated mice on post-irradiation days 2 and 7. Furthermore, on days 14 and 30 absorption spectrum of erythrocyte membrane proteins significantly increased (P<0.05) in the Herniarin-treated experimental group. In the CSF of healthy teeth of studied patients, NO content did not significantly change during the post-implantation period, while the NO concentration in PISF was statistically higher than the initial level in the first and second post-implantation months (25.09±0.77 μM and 19.47±0.84 μM, respectively), and returned to the nearly initial level 3 months after implantation (17.19±0.5 μM). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate the importance of NO metabolism to the inflammatory process around dental implants. PISF appears to have diagnostic potential for early prediction of inflammation after implantation. Further studies are needed to evaluate and compare PISF and GCF, especially concerning the inflammatory process and bone remodeling.