Tissue Engineering Scaffolds for Dentin-Pulp Complex Regeneration

Abstract

The primary challenge confronting modern regenerative endodontics resides in preserving pulp tissue vitality and restoring the dentin-pulp complex, achievable solely through the integration of cellular engineering. This medical discipline relies on an effective combination of three principal components: scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors. The Scaffold is a three-dimensional matrix providing primary structural support during tissue regeneration. Its pivotal role in creating an optimal environment for cellular proliferation and subsequent differentiation underscores its significance for tissue engineering success. Scaffolds are classified into two broad categories based on their source: natural and synthetic materials, each exhibiting distinct biological and mechanical properties. Naturally derived materials typically demonstrate they enhanced bioactivity and biocompatibility, whereas synthetic counterparts have superior mechanical attributes and greater quantitative availability. Across various medical domains, researchers persist in harnessing the potential of both material types through experimental and preclinical investigations, striving to mitigate inherent shortcomings through material hybridization. The field of regenerative endodontics is no exception to this pursuit.