Balance of Calcium and Magnesium in Tooth Enamel and Dentin

Abstract

Background: The structural integrity of hard dental tissues—enamel, dentin, and cement—is critical to dental and oral health. Irreversible degradation of these tissues due to trace element imbalances can weaken tooth function. Objectives: This study aims to investigate magnesium (Mg) concentrations in enamel and dentin and examine its correlation with calcium (Ca) to assess the influence of these trace elements on dental tissue stability and integration. Methods: The study sample consists of 20 extracted, intact teeth, and Ca and Mg concentrations were measured via X-ray spectral analysis. Results: Findings indicate that a high concentration of Ca in enamel corresponds to low Mg levels. In contrast, Mg levels increase at the enamel-dentin junction in the presence of reduced Ca, suggesting an antagonistic relationship. Conclusions: These results underscore that the balance between Ca and Mg is essential for dental tissue mineralization and structural stability.