The Relationship Between Bone Morphotype, Bone Density, and Apical Root Resorption of Posterior Teeth Induced by Orthodontic Forces

Abstract

Background: Modern orthodontic treatment reliably achieves optimal functional and aesthetic outcomes; however, complications such as internal or external tooth root resorption remain a concern. Orthodontic forces are a primary factor contributing to the development of root resorption. Extensive research has been conducted to elucidate the etiology of root resorption, which may arise from various factors, including the mechanics employed during orthodontic treatment, the type and magnitude of forces applied, and other treatment-related parameters, such as the nature of tooth movement and the specific type of malocclusion. The clinical relevance of root resorption is closely tied to its detectability. Literature indicates that the relationship between root resorption, bone morphotype, and bone density is clinically important in dentistry but has not been extensively explored. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of apical root resorption in the posterior region of the dentition following fixed and removable orthodontic appliance therapy and to investigate the association between bone morphotype, bone density, and tooth root resorption induced by orthodontic treatment. Methods: To address the study's objectives, patients from the research and control groups underwent cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examinations. Results: The findings of this study did not reveal a significant correlation between bone morphotype, bone density, and the rate of root resorption associated with orthodontic treatment. However, a notable correlation was observed between gender and age. Apical root resorption in the posterior teeth was predominantly identified in females, specifically in study group B, who were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Conclusions: Given the clinical significance of root resorption, further research is warranted to elucidate the relationship between orthodontic force- induced root resorption, the shape of the apex, and root length.