Georgian Cohort Study on Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Abstract

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disease that affects the lungs, pancreas, and other organs, leading to thick mucus, repeated infections, and long-term health problems. As treatments improve and children with CF live longer, allergic conditions like allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), caused by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, need early detection. The Georgian National CF program does not include specific tests for detecting ABPA, making it more challenging to diagnose and manage this condition promptly. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated IgE and/or Aspergillus sensitization in the pediatric CF population and evaluate their association with allergic or infectious complications, including suspected ABPA. Methods: In this study, we followed 63 Georgian children with cystic fibrosis (CF) between 2022 and 2024, measuring total IgE and Aspergillus-specific IgG levels to assess for allergic sensitization and possible allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). Several children showed elevated levels, including one confirmed case of ABPA that was successfully treated. Results: During the study, 63 out of 86 children with CF had at least one total IgE and Aspergillus-specific IgG test. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that CF care in Georgia would benefit from incorporating regular ABPA testing, ensuring timely treatments are available, and providing more comprehensive support for children and their families.